Abstract
The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum infects diverse plant species in the tropics. Nevertheless, there are no reports of G. lucidum infecting members of the plant genus Phyllanthus which consists of many species of economic importance. In 2020, a Phyllanthus acidus tree growing in the botanical garden exhibited symptoms of G. lucidum infection and the tree trunk contained basidiocarps of the fungus. The fungus was identified as G. lucidum based on macroscopic and microscopic characterization of the fruiting body and sequence analysis of 16 S ribosomal DNA. This is the first report of G. lucidum hosting P. acidus.
References
Bhosle S, Ranadive K, Bapat G, Garad S, Deshpande G, Vaidya J (2010) Taxonomy and diversity of Ganoderma from the western parts of Maharashtra (India), vol 1. Mycosphere, pp 249–262
Dereeper A, Guignon V, Blanc G, Audic S, Buffet S, Chevenet F, Dufayard JF, Guindon S, Lefort V, Lescot M, Claverie JM (2008) Phylogeny. fr: robust phylogenetic analysis for the non-specialist. Nucleic Acids Res 36(suppl2):W465–W469. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkn180
Fernando KM (2008) The host preference of a Ganoderma lucidum strain for three tree species of Fabaceae family; Cassia nodosa, Cassia fistula and Delonix regia. J Natl Sci Found Sri Lanka 36:323–326. https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v36i4.271
Jargalmaa S, Eimes JA, Park MS, Park JY, Oh SY, Lim YW (2017) Taxonomic evaluation of selected Ganoderma species and database sequence validation. PeerJ 5:e3596. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3596
Liao B, Chen X, Han J, Dan Y, Wang L, Jiao W, Song J, Chen S (2015) Identification of commercial Ganoderma (Lingzhi) species by ITS2 sequences. Chin Med 10:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-015-0056-7
Loyd AL, Linder ER, Anger NA, Richter BS, Blanchette RA, Smith JA (2018) Pathogenicity of Ganoderma species on landscape trees in the south-eastern United States. Plant Dis 102:1944–1949. https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-02-18-0338-RE
Mabberley DJ (2017) Mabberley’s plant-book: a portable dictionary of plants, their classification and uses, 4th edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Muthuraja R, Muthukumar T (2021) Isolation and characterization of potassium solubilizing aspergillus species isolated from saxum habitats and their effect on maize growth in different soil types. Geomicrobiol J 38:672–685. https://doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2021.1928800
Renu T, Pooja K, Sharma BM, Ashok K (2018) Studies on morphological variability among wild Ganoderma lucidum (W. Curt: Fr.) P. Karst. Indian For 144:270–273
Sankaran KV, Bridge PD, Gokulapalan C (2005) Ganoderma diseases of perennial crops in India–an overview. Mycopathol 159:143–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-004-4437-1
Suryantini R, Wulandari RS (2018) Diversity of Ganoderma pathogen in Pontianak, West Kalimantan: characteristics, virulence and ability to infect Acacia mangium seedlings. Biodiversitas 19:465–471. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d190213
Tan SP, Tan EN, Lim QY, Nafiah MA (2020) Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels: a review of its traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties. J Ethnopharmacol 253:112610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2020.112610
Wang XC, Xi RJ, Li Y, Wang DM, Yao YJ (2012) The species identity of the widely cultivated Ganoderma,‘G. lucidum’(Ling-zhi), in China. PLoS ONE 7:e40857. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0040857
Acknowledgements
This study was financially supported by Rashtriya Uchchatar Shiksha Abhiyan (RUSA)-2.0 BCTRC (No. BU/RUSA2.0/BCTRC/2020/BCTRC-CT09D).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
T.M. designed the study. S.A. and S.Y. carried out the macro and microscopical observations and performed statistical analysis. K.N. and P.M. performed the DNA sequencing and analyzed the data. T.M and S.A. wrote the paper and all the authors read and approved the final draft.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Muthukumar, T., Anaswara, S., Yuvarani, S. et al. Is Phyllanthus acidus a new host for Ganoderma lucidum?. Indian Phytopathology 76, 947–951 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-023-00654-5
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42360-023-00654-5